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A ship without a boiler is difficult to imagine, whether it is steam-powered or has a diesel engine as its primary source of propulsion; a boiler, in some form or another, will be found on a ship. If a ship is powered by steam, for example, two or more boilers will be installed to produce high-temperature, high-pressure steam. If a ship's main propulsion system is a diesel engine, one or two smaller boilers are utilised to power the ship's machinery and services. So, let's look at how boilers function and the different types of boilers.

How do Boilers Work?

A basic boiler is a machine with the simplest internal parts layout. A boiler's primary function is to produce high-pressure steam. The heat of the energy created by burning the fuel is used to heat the feed water delivered to the boiler drum. The heat from the burning fuel is stored as steam, which has a high temperature and pressure. The fuel is consumed in the combustion chamber of the boiler. Air is delivered to this combustion chamber through a separate arrangement in order to achieve maximum efficiency and complete combustion. The heat created in this combustion chamber is delivered to the water in the boiler drum via a huge surface area, allowing for the most efficient energy transmission.

What is Steam Generation Process?

When the feedwater enters the steam drum through both internal tubes and the tubes that surround the furnace, the process of steam generation begins. Waterwall or floor tubes refer to the tube system that surrounds the furnace. When the feedwater passes through these tubes, it heats up. In addition, there are large-bore downcomer tubes that pass outside of the furnace and are used to circulate water between the drums to which the tubes are joined from the outside.

Wet and saturated steam are the type of steam produced in the steam drum. Because of the high moisture content, this steam cannot be used directly. To make this steam useable, it must first be dried and heated using a superheater within the boiler. After all of the moisture in the steam has been removed, the superheated steam can be used in other systems. The temperature of the superheated steam must be monitored and controlled at all times, or else it will damage the systems to which it is delivered. As a result, a device known as an attemperator is used. The attemperator is a type of cooler used to bring superheated steam down to the proper temperature. As a result, all of the steam required in various systems is drawn from the boiler's primary steam drum.

The energy generated by fuel combustion is used for a number of different purposes, the two most important of which are as follows:

• For heating feed water to produce steam
• The steam from the boiler drum is heated to a high temperature

The feed water that enters the boiler is pre-heated with the help of an economizer before entering the boiler to boost the boiler's efficiency. The boiler's exhaust gas is also put to good use by passing it via an air heater, which warms the combustion air entering the furnace. As a result, even the energy expended by the boiler is not wasted, increasing the system's total efficiency.

All of these boilers have numerous safety fittings and control systems in place to monitor and control things like fuel oil flow rate, combustion airflow rate and feed water supply. To deliver the amount of steam required by various systems, all of these systems must work together. The boiler is also equipped with a variety of mountings to ensure safe operation.

Types of Boilers

Boilers are divided into various categories. The following are the most common types.

The Main Propulsion Boiler

Main propulsion boilers supply steam to a ship's propulsion turbines, which allow for gear reduction, shafting, and propeller movement, driving the ship through the water. The majority of main propulsion boilers are 'D-type' boilers, a type of water-tube boiler named after the placements of the drums and side header, which form the letter 'D.'

The Water-tube Boiler

Boilers with water inside the tubes and hot gases surrounding them are known as water-tube boilers. The term "water-tube" (as opposed to "fire-tube") refers to boilers that operate in this manner. Water-tube boilers can withstand pressures of up to 5,000 psig and produce steam at rates of several million pounds per hour. Water-tube boilers can thus be utilised for applications requiring enormous volumes of steam and high pressures

The Waste Heat Boiler

Waste heat boilers are part of a vessel's Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS), and they use waste heat from the engine's exhaust gases to heat and generate steam for a range of applications, including cargo and cabin heating. Water-tube boilers account for the majority of waste heat boilers.

The Composite Boiler

Exhaust gas economizers and oil-fired boilers make up composite boilers. This type of boiler is commonly used in conjunction with diesel engines. Auxiliary boilers, such as composite boilers, generate steam for auxiliary purposes.

The Auxiliary Boiler

Auxiliary boilers found on both large and small ships, provide steam for uses other than main propulsion. Babcock & Wilcox D-type water-tube boilers have a steam capacity of 10,000 to 300,000 lbs/hr, pressures of 250 to 1,250 psig, and a maximum temperature of 850F. (for gas-fired units). Because the steam produced must pass via a superheater, 'D-type' boilers are uncontrolled superheat boilers.

A boiler is a closed vessel that uses the combustion of a fuel or the action of electrodes or electric resistance elements to heat water and produces hot water or steam. Boilers are used in many commercial and industrial buildings to create steam or hot water for space or process heating. It's crucial to understand which aspects of a boiler system are the most critical. If you are looking for the best provider of boiler control system UAE, then get in touch with Linkmarine. We provide the best marine automation services at affordable prices.